CSCI A201/A597 and I210

Midterm Exam Two

Spring 2001

Directions:

Good luck and do well!

Write your name or username here:______________________

The right answers are marked in underlined blue.

Where I need to make a comment (about typos and such) I will be writing it in italic blue.

1. What is the output produced by the following three lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
int x, y;
x = 7; y = 5; 
System.out.println("1" + x + y);
  1.   13
  2.   17
  3.   75
  4.   175
  5.   other
Note: To save space I wrote other where I would have put "None of the above."
2. What is the output produced by the following three lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
int x, y;
x = 9; y = 10; 
System.out.println("1" + x * y);
  1.   0
  2.   19
  3.   91
  4.   1910
  5.   other
The code would print 190 so the answer is other.
3. What is the output produced by the following three lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
int x, y;
x = 9; y = 10; 
System.out.println("1" * x + y);
  1.   0
  2.   19
  3.   91
  4.   1910
  5.   other
The code does not compile because of the asterisk (star) not being a valid operators for Strings, so the answer is other.
4. What is the output produced by the following two lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
int a; a = 'Q' - 'M'; 
System.out.println(a);
  1.   E
  2.   B
  3.   C
  4.   3
  5.   0
The answer would be a value of 4 which is not listed at all where it should be. So regardless of what you marked (and whether you marked anything or not) you will get two points. (I marked in blue as being the right answer the closest 4 that I could find on this page... So close it was, yet so far).
5. What is the output produced by the following program fragment (when embedded in a complete program)? 
if ('Z' > 'B') 
  System.out.print("1" + 3 / 2); 
System.out.print(2);
  1.   12
  2.   11
  3.   "1"1.5
  4.   2.5
  5.   other
The output is a 112 so the right answer is other.
6. What is the type of this expression: 
"1" + 'a'
  1.   int
  2.   char
  3.   boolean
  4.   double
  5.   other
The type of the expression is String so the right answer was other.
7. What is the output produced by the following three lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
int a, b;
a = 3; b = 2;  
System.out.println(b * (a / b) + a % b);
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   other
Both the quotient and the remainder have a value of 1.
8. What's the output produced by the following lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
String quote = "There's a tomato" +  
              "in every automaton!";
System.out.println(quote.substring(29, 35));
  1.   utomat
  2.   tamotu
  3.   otomat
  4.   tomato
  5.   other
The program prints maton! so the right answer was other.
9. What's the output produced by the following lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
String a = "sun"; 
String b = "dried"; 
System.out.println(
  "tomato".substring(b.length() - a.length(), 
                     a.length()));
  1.   a
  2.   m
  3.   o
  4.   t
  5.   other
A paren was missing so we will count other as a valid answer. My intention though was for the code to be correct, so there is a second correct answer, which is what the code would print if the paren had been in its place from the beginning.
10. Given String a = "tomato"; which of the following expressions is NOT of type String?
  1. a
  2. "a"
  3. 'a'
  4. a + a.length
  5. a.substring(0, 1) + 'a'
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   5
The middle one is a character (type is char ) while in each of the other expressions there's a String somewhere that sets the tone.
11. What's the output produced by the following lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
String a = "a"; 
a.toUpperCase();
System.out.println(a + "a" + a.toUpperCase());
  1.   aaa
  2.   aaA
  3.   AaA
  4.   AAA
  5.   other
Remember that Strings are immutable...
12. Which of the following expressions is NOT logically equivalent to (a >= b)?
  1. (b <= a)
  2. (b < a) || (b == a)
  3. (b == a) && (b < a)
  4. (b - a) <= 0
  5. (b <= a) && (a >= b)
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   5
The third boolean is always false the others are all equivalent to the original formula.
13. What's the output produced by the following lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
int a = 100;
if (a >= 100) 
  System.out.print("a ");
else if (a >= 10)
  System.out.print("b ");
// if (t <= 1000)
if (a <= 1000) 
  System.out.print("c ");
  1.   a
  2.   a b
  3.   a c
  4.   a b c
  5.   other
I don't know how the t found its way there. It should have been an a. As such, the code does not compile. Both the 3rd and the 5th answers are considered correct.
14. Consider the following expression in which m is an int. 
(m < 10) && (m > 12)
Which of the following is a valid Java simplification of the expression above?
  1.   (m == 11)
  2.   true
  3.   (m != 11)
  4.   false
  5.   (10 > m > 12)
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   5
For any value of m you can think of, the condition is false.
15. Assume a and b are integer variables. If a has a value of 2 after executing the following program fragment what was the value of b at the beginning of the fragment code? 
if (b > 2 && b < 6) 
  a = 1; 
else 
  a = 3; 
if (b % 2 == 0) 
  a = a + 1;
  1.   2
  2.   3
  3.   4
  4.   5
  5.   other
Careful investigation reveals that a can either be 2 or 4 at the end of the code. There's no other possibility. a ends up being 2 that means b was even, integer and between 3 and 5.
16. Which of the following expressions does NOT evaluate to 3?
  1.   'd' - 'a'
  2.   '3'
  3.   (3 * 3 + 2) / 3
  4.   1 + 2
  5.   "abc".length()
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   5
'3' is of type character, while all of the other expressions evaluate to the actual number 3.
17. How can you access the word One from the following command line invocation?
java One one two three four One
  1.   args[0]
  2.   args[1]
  3.   args[4]
  4.   args[5]
  5.   args[6]
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   5
One is also the name of the .class file.
18. How can you access the word java from the following command line invocation? 
java one two three one two three java
          0    1    2   3    4     5
  1.   args[0]
  2.   args[1]
  3.   args[2]
  4.   args[5]
  5.   args[7]
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   5
Same as above. Starting all class names with a capital letter is not mandatory, just a (good) convention. I think you should follow that convention, but once in a while one might not, as in the case of this exercise, for the technicality of it.
19. What will appear in the standard output when you compile and run the following class? 
public class A {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int x = 0;
    System.out.print(fun(x) + " "); 
    System.out.print(x + " "); 
  } 
  public static int fun(int x) {
    x = x + 1; 
    return x; 
  } 
}
  1.   1 0
  2.   0 0
  3.   0 1
  4.   1 1
  5.   other
fun is called with an argument of 0, which is made a 1, and returned, to be printed. The change is not seen in the main method. So when we finally print the x that was passed to fun it comes out as what it was when we did pass it to fun, that is, a 0 (zero).
20. What will be printed by the following program? 
public class A {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[] x = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
    System.out.print(fun(x) + " "); 
    System.out.print(x[2] + " "); 
  } 
  public static int fun(int[] x) {
    x[2] = x[2] - 1; 
    return x[2]; 
  } 
}
  1.   2 2
  2.   2 3
  3.   3 2
  4.   3 3
  5.   other
Passing the array to a method means that we pass a pointer to it to the method, so the array is shared by the two methods. Thus changes to x[2] (in fun) will be seen in main.
21. Consider the following expression in which m is an int. 
(m > 10) || (m < 12)
Which of the following is a valid Java simplification of the expression above?
  1.   (m == 11)
  2.   true
  3.   (m != 11)
  4.   false
  5.   (12 > m > 10)
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   5
Any integer is either bigger than 10 or smaller than 12. So the condition is always true.
22. What gets printed when you compile and run the following program? 
public class A {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(fun(1, fun(fun(2, fun(3, 4)), 5))); 
  } 
  public static int fun(int a, int b) {
    return a - b;
  } 
}
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   other
This boils down to 1 - ((2 - (3 - 4)) - 5)
23. Given the following declaration what does a[a[a[a[a[4]]]]] evaluate to? 
int[] a = { 2, 3, 1, 5, 0, 4 }; 
            0  1  2  3  4  5
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   other
The derivation goes like this 
a[a[a[a[a[4]]]]]

a[a[a[a[   0]]]]

a[a[a[      2]]]

a[a[         1]]

a[            3]

               5
so the answer is 5 (other).
24. Given the following declaration what does a[a[1] - 1] evaluate to? 
int[] a = { 1, 2, 3 }; 
            0  1  2
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   4
  5.   other
We just calculate a[1] twice.
25. Exactly how many question marks will appear on the screen when the following program fragment is executed? 
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) 
  for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) 
    System.out.print("?"); 
System.out.println();
  1.   0
  2.   1
  3.   2
  4.   4
  5.   other
Two times two equals four.
26. What does the following code print when compiled and run? 
public class A {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int yo = 12; 
    System.out.println(yo(yo)); 
  }
  public static boolean yo (int yo) {
    if (yo == 12) return true;
    return false; 
  }  
}
  1.   12
  2.   1212
  3.   true
  4.   false
  5.   other
Variable names and method names belong to different name spaces so all works as expected.

The next four questions have all been affected by the same typo (corrected below). Also, the method mix doesn't really print anything. It returns a String which one could print, and that was my original intent, as illustrated below: 

class A {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
	System.out.println(mix("abc", "ABC")); 
    } 
    public static String mix(String one, String two) {
        // [...] 
    }
}
Under the circumstances both the intented correct answer as well as other will be accepted.

27. What does
mix("abc", "ABC")
print if mix is defined as below? 
public static String mix(String one, String two) {
  String ans = ""; 
  // int slen = s.length; 
  int slen = one.length(); 
  // int tlen = t.length; 
  int tlen = two.length(); 
  for (int i = 0; i < slen && i < tlen; i++) {
    ans = ans + one.charAt(i) + two.charAt(i); 
  }   
  return ans; 
}
  1.   cCbBaA
  2.   CcBbAa
  3.   aAbBcC
  4.   AaBbCc
  5.   other
Letters from the first preced in the output letters from the second.

28. What does
mix("abc", "ABC")
print if mix is defined as below? 
public static String mix(String one, String two) {
  String ans = ""; 
  // int slen = s.length; 
  int slen = one.length(); 
  // int tlen = t.length; 
  int tlen = two.length(); 
  for (int i = 0; i < slen && i < tlen; i++) {
    ans = one.charAt(i) + two.charAt(i) + ans;
  }   
  return ans; 
}
  1.   cCbBaA
  2.   CcBbAa
  3.   aAbBcC
  4.   AaBbCc
  5.   other
We changed the order in which we place the pairs in the resulting String, so the first answer would be OK, and is accepted. But do run it and tell me why it does not produce that output? What happens? Does this relate to question 6 and question 2 above? (Especially with question 2).
29. What does
mix("abc", "ABC")
print if mix is defined as below? 
public static String mix(String one, String two) {
  String ans = ""; 
  // int slen = s.length; 
  int slen = one.length(); 
  // int tlen = t.length; 
  int tlen = two.length(); 
  for (int i = 0; i < slen && i < tlen; i++) {
    ans = two.charAt(i) + one.charAt(i) + ans;
  }   
  return ans; 
}
  1.   cCbBaA
  2.   CcBbAa
  3.   aAbBcC
  4.   AaBbCc
  5.   other
Same as above, the program would print: 166164162. As far as the alternate key goes, second option was selected, since that's how the program works (but that's not what the program prints). I am sure you know by now why that happens.
30. What does
mix("abc", "ABC")
print if mix is defined as below? 
public static String mix(String one, String two) {
  String ans = ""; 
  // int slen = s.length; 
  int slen = one.length(); 
  // int tlen = t.length; 
  int tlen = two.length(); 
  for (int i = 0; i < slen && i < tlen; i++) {
    ans = ans + two.charAt(i) + one.charAt(i);
  }   
  return ans; 
}
  1.   cCbBaA
  2.   CcBbAa
  3.   aAbBcC
  4.   AaBbCc
  5.   other
Due to associativity we're back into building Strings, and the result is obvious.
31. Assume the following declaration:
int[][] a = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5}, { 6 } };
What does the following code print? 
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
  for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) 
    sum = sum + a[i][j];
System.out.println(sum);
  1.   12
  2.   20
  3.   21
  4.   180
  5.   other
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6
32. Assume the following declaration:
int[][] a = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5}, { 6 } };
What does the following code print? 
System.out.println(a[1][0]);
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   3
  4.   5
  5.   other
First element in the second array.
33. You compile and run this program. What is the output that it produces? 
class One {
  int a = 6;
  int b = 3;
  void fun() {
    b += 1;
    a -= 1;
  }
  void report() {     
    System.out.print(a + " " + b + " "); 
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    One alpha = new One();
    alpha.fun();
    alpha.fun();
    alpha.fun();
    alpha.report(); 
  }
}
  1.   3 3
  2.   3 6
  3.   9 6
  4.   3 0
  5.   other
One instance, alpha, whose instance variables change as indicated.
34. You compile and run this program. What is the output that you obtain? 
class One {
  int a = 6;
  int b = 3;
  void fun() {
    b += 1;
    a -= 1;
  }
  void report() {     
    System.out.print(a + " " + b + " "); 
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    One alpha = new One();
    One beta = new One();
    alpha.fun();
    beta.fun();
    alpha.fun();
    beta.report(); 
  }
}
  1.   5 4
  2.   4 5
  3.   3 6
  4.   3 0
  5.   other
Same as above, except that what alpha does is not important here.
35. You compile and run this program. What is the output that you obtain? 
class One {
  int a = 6;
  static int b = 3;
  void fun() {
    b += 1;
    a -= 1;
    // System.out.print(a + " " + b + " ");
  }
  void report() {     
    System.out.print(a + " " + b + " "); 
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    One alpha = new One();
    One beta = new One();
    alpha.fun();
    beta.fun();
    alpha.fun();
    beta.report(); 
  }
}
  1.   5 4
  2.   5 6
  3.   6 5
  4.   4 5
  5.   other
Please notice the typo (one line should have been removed). For this reason, again, two answers will be accepted. Notice that b is static so alpha and beta are sharing it. As far as a goes, alpha and beta have each their own.
36. What is the result of attempting to compile and run the following code? 
class One {
  int value;
  One () { value = 1; }
  One (int v) { value = 0; } 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    One alpha = new One(1);
    One beta = new One();
    System.out.println(alpha.value + " " + beta.value);
  }
}
  1.   0 0
  2.   0 1
  3.   1 0
  4.   1 1
  5.   other
The constructors are really working backwards, but that was intentional.
37. What is the result of attempting to compile and run the following code? 
class One {
  static int value;
  One (int v) {
    value = v;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    One alpha = new One(0);
    One beta = new One(3);
    System.out.println(alpha.value + " " + beta.value);
  }
}
  1.   0 0
  2.   3 0
  3.   0 3
  4.   3 3
  5.   other
alpha and beta communicate through value

The next four problems have been affected by the same typo, corrected below. For this reason both the intended answer as well as the other alternative are accepted as correct.

38. Assume the following declaration:
int[][] a = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5}, { 6 } };
What does the following code print? 
// int value = 10; 
int count = 10; 
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) 
  for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) 
    if (a[i][j] % 2 == 0) 
      count = count + 1; 
System.out.println(count);
  1.   3
  2.   7
  3.   10
  4.   13
  5.   other
There are three even numbers so count gets incremented by one for each one of them.

39. Assume the following declaration:
int[][] a = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5}, { 6 } };
What does the following code print? 
// int value = 10; 
int count = 10; 
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) 
  for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) 
    if (a[i][j] % 2 == 0) 
      count = count - 1; 
System.out.println(count);
  1.   3
  2.   7
  3.   10
  4.   13
  5.   other
count decreases by one for each even number
40. Assume the following declaration:
int[][] a = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5}, { 6 } };
What does the following code print? 
// int value = 10; 
int count = 10; 
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) 
  for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) 
    if (a[i][j] % 2 == 0) 
      count = count - 1; 
System.out.println(count);
  1.   3
  2.   7
  3.   10
  4.   13
  5.   other
Same as above, only the array has changed.
41. Assume the following declaration:
int[][] a = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5}, { 6 } };
What does the following code print? 
// int value = 10; 
int count = 10; 
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) 
  for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) 
    if (a[i][j] % 2 == 0) 
      count = 1 - count; 
System.out.println(count);
  1.   3
  2.   7
  3.   10
  4.   13
  5.   other
10, -9, 10, -9, 10 and the last one gets printed.
42. What is the output produced by the following three lines (when embedded in a complete program)? 
int a, b;
a = 8; b = 3;  
System.out.println(b * a / b + a % b);
  1.   3
  2.   5
  3.   8
  4.   24
  5.   other
The printed answer is 10.
43. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? (Note that the program may or may not be indented correctly so think about it carefully.) 
int x = 1;
if (2 > x) 
  System.out.print(1); 
else 
  System.out.print(11); 
if (x < 5) {
  // System.out.println(1);
  System.out.print(1);  
  System.out.print(1);
}
  1.   1
  2.   11
  3.   111
  4.   1111
  5.   other
I meant to have print statements everywhere, without any newlines.
44. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? (Note that the program may or may not be indented correctly so think about it carefully.) 
int x = 1;
if (x > 2) { 
  if (x < 5) 
    System.out.print(1); 
} else 
  System.out.print(1); 
System.out.print(11);
  1.   1
  2.   11
  3.   111
  4.   1111
  5.   other
No typos, what can I say. Easy problem.
45. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? (Note that the program may or may not be indented correctly so think about it carefully.) 
int x = 2; 
while (x > 1) 
  x = x - 1;
  System.out.print(x);
  1.   1
  2.   2
  3.   21
  4.   0
  5.   other
One iteration and we're done.
46. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? (Note that the program may or may not be indented correctly so think about it carefully.) 
int i; 
for (i = 0; i < 3; i = i + 1) 
  System.out.print(1); 
System.out.print(0);
  1.   0
  2.   1110
  3.   11110
  4.   101010
  5.   10101010
No curly braces, proper indentation.
47. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? (Note that the program may or may not be indented correctly so think about it carefully.) 
if (2 <= 3) 
  if (0 != 1) 
    System.out.print(0); 
  else 
    System.out.print(1); 
System.out.print(2); 
if (2 > 3) 
  if (0 == 1)
    System.out.print(3); 
  else 
    System.out.print(4); 
System.out.print(5);
  1.   023
  2.   024
  3.   025
  4.   125
  5.   other
Another basic, easy question about if statements, branches and such.
48. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? 
boolean x; 
if (true) 
  System.out.print(0); 
else 
  System.out.print(1); 
x = (1 < 2) && (4 < 3); 
if (x) 
  System.out.print(2);   
else 
  System.out.print(3);
  1.   02
  2.   12
  3.   03
  4.   13
  5.   other
49. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? 
boolean x = false; 
if (true) 
  System.out.print(0); 
else 
  System.out.print(1); 
x = x || !x; 
if (x) 
  System.out.print(2);   
else 
  System.out.print(3);
  1.   02
  2.   12
  3.   03
  4.   13
  5.   other
50. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? 
boolean x = false; 
if (true) 
  System.out.print(0); 
else 
  System.out.print(1); 
x = (false && false || true); 
if (x) 
  System.out.print(2);   
else 
  System.out.print(3);
  1.   02
  2.   12
  3.   03
  4.   13
  5.   other
&& should be done first.
51. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? 
boolean x = false; 
if (true) 
  System.out.print(0); 
else 
  System.out.print(1); 
x = (false && (false || true)); 
if (x) 
  System.out.print(2);   
else 
  System.out.print(3);
  1.   02
  2.   12
  3.   03
  4.   13
  5.   other
Now the order of evaluation is dictated by the parens.
52. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? 
int x = 10, y = 3; 
while (x > 0 && y > 0) { 
  x = x - y; 
}
System.out.print(x);
  1.   0
  2.   -1
  3.   -2
  4.   -3
  5.   other
Here's what happens with the two variables: y never changes, while x becomes 7, 4, 1, -2.
53. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? 
int x = 10, y = 3; 
while (x > 0 && y > 0) { 
  x = x - y; 
  y = y + 1;
}
System.out.print(x);
  1.   0
  2.   -1
  3.   -2
  4.   -3
  5.   other
(x, y) goes through the following stages: (10, 3), (7, 4), (3, 5), and (-2, 6).
54. What is the output produced by the following code when embedded in a complete program? (Note that the fragment may or may not be indented correctly so please think about it carefully.) 
int x;
for (x = 0; x < 10; x = x + 2) 
  if (x % 3 == 1) 
    System.out.print(x);
  System.out.print(x % 3);
  1.   4
  2.   41
  3.   02402
  4.   024102
  5.   other
Indentation is incorrect, so printing of the remainder happens only once. But because the only number whose remainder with 3 is 1 is 4 that really doesn't matter.
55. Consider the following program, it prints out a pattern. Which of the following letter patterns is closest in shape to the pattern that the program produces? 
public class One {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int size = 10, x, y;
    for (x = 0; x < size; x++) { 
      for (y = 0; y < size; y++) 
        if ( y == 0 || 
             y == size - 1 || 
            (x - y == 0))
          System.out.print(" *"); 
        else 
          System.out.print("  "); 
      System.out.println(); 
    }
  } 
}
  1.   Z
  2.   A
  3.   N
  4.   Y
  5.   other
Careful investigation reveals that the variable y counts columns, and that variable x counts lines. So the program prints two vertical bars and a diagonal (the one from WA to FL)
56. Consider the following program, it prints out a pattern. Which of the following letter patterns is closest in shape to the pattern that the program produces? 
public class One {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int size = 10, x, y;
    for (y = 0; y < size; y++) { 
      for (x = 0; x < size; x++) 
        if ( y == 0 || 
             y == size - 1 || 
            (x + y == size - 1))
          System.out.print(" *"); 
        else 
          System.out.print("  "); 
      System.out.println();
    } 
  } 
}
  1.   Z
  2.   A
  3.   N
  4.   Y
  5.   other
Careful investigation reveals y as being the line counter, while x takes care of the columns this time. The test is almost the same, so we get two horizontal bars, and the other diagonal (from LA to NY).
The last two questions summarize the exam, don't you think?

Wed Apr 4 19:00:00 EST 2001 (A201/A597/I210, Rawles Hall 100)