Word meaning
Meaning of what
- Lemmas
- Word senses
- Constructions, phrases as the basic units
- Limits of compositionality and context independence
- Light verbs: do, make, take, get, etc.
- Idioms and idiomaticity
- take somebody somewhere, take a shower, take a class, take medicine, take time, take a break, take punishment, take care, take pride
- take out, take in, take on, take off, take over
- let alone: Frank won't eat fish for dinner, let alone squid for breakfast.
Explicit meaning
- Definitions
- Necessary and sufficient conditions
- If X is a horse, then...
- If X ..., then X is a horse.
- Prototypes
- Decomposition, primitives
- Procedures
- Percepts
Meaning as lexical relations
- Relations between senses rather than words or lemmas
- Synonymy
- Context and connotation: get off, deplane; food, grub; die, pass away, croak
- Antonymy
- Scale antonyms
- Reversives (tie, untie, etc.)
- Distinguishing from synonyms
- Hyponymy, hypernymy
- Meronymy
- Semantic extension, figurative language: metonymy, metaphor
- Conventional and novel uses
- Indiana beat Kentucky.
- Critics of the news media say that the vast majority of all articles during a political election are horse race style.
- The mushroom omelet left without paying. (Fauconnier)
- Frames (schemas) and semantic fields
- WordNet
- Senses as synonym sets
- Separate lexical relations for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
- Hypernym paths, hypernym distances, shortest paths
- Thematic roles
- Verb-specific roles: BREAKER, BREAKEE, BREAK_INSTRUMENT; LIKER, LIKEE
- Generalization: BREAKER, CUTTER, CHOPPER; BREAKEE, CUTTEE, CHOPPEE
- The problem with syntactic roles: SUBJECT, DIRECT OBJECT, etc.
- The problem agreeing on a universal set
- Verb case frames
- FrameNet
- Frames and frame elements; inter-frame and intra-frame relations
- Selectional restrictions
- What can you drink? gather? forge? believe?
What can drink? forge? believe? fall?
- Representing selectional restrictions using WordNet synsets
