What belongs in a lexical entry
- (Assuming we believe in explicit lexical entries)
- "Meaning" information
- Form information
- Grammatical information
- Examples
"Meaning"
- Cognitive (or robotic) representation: perceptual information, motor information, functional information
- Semantic representation
- Definitions
- Knowledge representation
- Universal conceptual primitives, Interlinguas
- Logical expressions
- Abstract semantic categories (Vendler's verb categories)
- States: static events, unbounded in time
- John is ill.
- John knows Spanish.
- John was ill for an hour.
- ?John is being ill. ?John is knowing Spanish. *John was ill in an hour.
- Activities: events unbounded in time, involving change, atelic
- John is snoring loudly.
- John is running in the park.
- John snored for an hour.
- John built houses for years.
- *John snored in an hour.
- *John built houses in an hour. (one sense)
- Accomplishments: events bounded in time, involving change, telic; two endpoints and process
- John built a house.
- John is running to the store.
- John ran to the store in an hour.
- ?John ran to the store for an hour.
- Achievements: like accomplishments but lacking process; punctual change
- John reached the top.
- John won the race.
- John found his glasses.
- Associations with other words/lexemes
- Simple co-occurrence
- Semantic links
- cat, mammal
- red, color
- Arthropoda, phylum
- cat, tail
- pilot, crew
- happy, sad, unhappy
- fasten, unfasten
- govern, government
- study, student
- learn, teach
- put on, wear
- go, come
- front tooth, incisor
- feces, shit, poop
-
Senses and disambiguation
-
Figurative and literal meaning
Grammatical information
- Category (part-of-speech)
- Nouns
- Verbs
- Adjectives
- Adpositions
- Adverbs
- Conjunctions
- Morphology: various wordforms for this lexeme
- Syntax (and semantics)
- What tendencies does this lexeme have to occur with others?
- How does this lexeme constrain the others that occur with it?
- Subcategorization frames, selectional restrictions, argument structure, valence
- What other words/phrases must/can occur with this lexeme?
- What syntactic roles do these arguments fill? How are they marked morphologically or syntactically?
- What semantic roles do the syntactic arguments play in the state or event?
- What alternate patterns does the lexeme occur in?
- Idioms
- How they are related (if at all) to the "original" (literal) lexemes
- THROW_IN_THE_TOWEL
- 'give up, abandon (fight, struggle)'
- → THROW_IN
→ TOWEL
